Noong 1898, naging pangkaraniwan ang eksenang ito sa buong bansa -
"At 5:00 pm on 24 December 1898, 333 years of Spanish rule in Cebu came to an end when the Spanish flag was lowered at Fort San Pedro. Montero turned over the government [to the Filipinos] ... It was an emotion-charged moment and, in a fit of despair, some Spaniards tore their own flag after it was lowered. In the dusk, the ceremonies over, the Spaniards and their dependents moved out in a lonely convoy of boats bound for Zamboanga, their way station for the final withdrawal to Spain."
Mabuhay ang Pilipino!
Ang sipi ay mula sa The War Against the Americans ni Resil Mojares. Ang mga larawan ay galing sa Univ. of Michigan.
Morolandhistory.com has a lot of nice photos and good info on the Moro Wars and prior period (1899-1920).
Those interested in the topic should definitely read the website author's (Robert Fulton) 2007 book MOROLAND: The History of Uncle Sam and the Moros 1899-1920.
The photo above has this caption: "The Sultan of Bayan visits Captain John J. Pershing at Camp Vicars, Mindanao, 1902 - (National Archives)".The photo below shows Howard Taft at a function with the local Moro chiefs.
Ang mga larawan ay mga anting-anting o agimat o bertud [talisman] na display sa nakaraang War and Dissent na exhibit, sa Museong Pambansa ng Pilipinas.
Ang larawan ay mula sa Bikol Maharlika (1992) ni Jose Calleja Reyes.
The set consists of a huge Moro panabas (95 cm long, or about 37 1/2 inches), a larger-than-usual Moro kampilan (116 cm, or about 45 1/2 inches), and a fine Moro armor.
Typically, a Moro kampilan's length ranges from 90 to 100 cm (36 to 40 inches).
A detailed discussion about the above kampilan can be found at the Ethnographic Arms & Armour forum.
Photo courtesy of Gavin at Swordsandantiqueweapons.com
The above image shows clearer details of the Iranuns' kampilan, panabas, and shield.
Note the ornate carvings on the kampilan's hilt. The wood carvings are known in the Mindanao dialect as okir (ukkil). The sheathed kampilan on the left shows a tiger bell in the center of the plume of decorative hair.
The image below shows one type of Iranun sea raider boat.
The Iranun pirate was described as follows:
"Above the cabin is the fighting deck, upon which their heroes are placed, and upon any chance of action, they dress themselves in scarlet, and are equipped very much in the style of the armour furnished for the stage property of theatres, varying from steel plate to ring chain, or mail shirt. Their personal arms are generally the kris and spear, but they have also a huge sword, well known as the 'Lanoon sword', which has a handle sufficiently large to be wielded with two hands."
The 'Lanoon sword' is a kampilan.
Related posts: [a] The Iranun (Ilanun) Moro pirate; [b] The Iranuns' kampilan & panabas; [c] The Iranuns' (Ilanun) kampilan; [d] The Iranun's (Ilanun) kampilan, Part 2
One of the Iranun sea raiders' principal weapons is the kampilan. The Iranuns' beheading sword on the other hand is the traditional Moro panabas.
The Iranun kampilan above [from James Warren's Iranun and Balangingi: Globalization, Maritime Raiding and the Birth of Ethnicity] shows the typical kampilan traits: a bifurcated and ukkil-decorated hilt, and a blade point with spikelet that has two little protrusions.
The image originally appeared in Edward Belcher's Narrative of the voyage of HMS Samarang (1848):
Related posts: [a] The Iranun (Ilanun) pirate; [b] The Iranuns' kampilan & panabas, Part 2; [c] The Iranun's (Ilanun) kampilan; and [d] The Iranun's (Ilanun) kampilan, Part 2

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