Noong 1898, naging pangkaraniwan ang eksenang ito sa buong bansa -
"At 5:00 pm on 24 December 1898, 333 years of Spanish rule in Cebu came to an end when the Spanish flag was lowered at Fort San Pedro. Montero turned over the government [to the Filipinos] ... It was an emotion-charged moment and, in a fit of despair, some Spaniards tore their own flag after it was lowered. In the dusk, the ceremonies over, the Spaniards and their dependents moved out in a lonely convoy of boats bound for Zamboanga, their way station for the final withdrawal to Spain."
Mabuhay ang Pilipino!
Ang sipi ay mula sa The War Against the Americans ni Resil Mojares. Ang mga larawan ay galing sa Univ. of Michigan.
Mula sa arkeolohiya at mga lumang tala ay mas madadagdagan ang kaalaman natin ukoll sa sandatang patalim ng ating mga ninuno.
Ang mga larawan ay galing sa aklat ni Laura Lee Junkers na Raiding, Trading, and Feasting.
Ang punyo ng lumang talibong ay kadalasang halimaw (o ahas o bakunawa), o pigura na may sungay, ang disenyo.
Ang mga may pangil na halimaw na makikita sa puluhan ay tila yaong naisulat ni Antonio Pigafetta noon 1521:
Mula kay Dr. Luciano P.R. Santiago (2005) -- "A villa is a Spanish territorial classification as well as an institution. It is little known in the Philippines, even among historians, because it was sparsely granted in these parts during the Colonial Period. Though small in number, the villas were huge in significance as the centers for regional consolidation as well as, when linked together, the general dissemination of Spanish rule, commerce and culture in the archipelago. In current works, the term is usually, but inaccurately, translated as 'village.' However, its closest English equivalent is 'borough' (as in Marlborough). In this article, we shall retain the Spanish word villa.
"In the more than three centuries of Spanish domination in the Islands, only eight settlements or towns were raised into the status of a villa - one each in five major ethno-linguistic regions (Cebú, Bicol, Ilocos, Panay and Pampanga) and in three Tagalog provinces (Laguna, Tayabas [now Quezón] and Batangas). Thus, the eight Philippine villas were Cebú (founded 1565), Libón, Albay (1573), Vigan (1574), Arévalo, Iloilo (1581), Pila, Laguna (c1610), Tayabas, Tayabas (1703), Bacolor, Pampanga (1765) and lastly, Lipá, Batangas (1887)."
Ang simulain ng pistol na .45 M1911 ay nag-ugat sa Digmaang Filipino-Amerikano, na pumutok noong 1899.
Bago pa makalaban ng Amerikano ang mga Moro (1903 pataas), kinailangan na ang .45 laban sa mga Kristyanong sandatahanes at talibones [bolomen] ng Luzon at Kabisayaan (1899 pataas).
Kung magkagayon, and buong Kapilipinuhan ang siyang 'hilot' na nagsilang sa pinakatanyag na baril sa buong mundo.
Ang mga larawan ay mga anting-anting o agimat o bertud [talisman] na display sa nakaraang War and Dissent na exhibit, sa Museong Pambansa ng Pilipinas.

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