May kapareho na sundang sa National Museum ng Pilipinas na galing daw sa Infanta, Quezon. Ito ay kailangan pang saliksikin, para masigurado. Haba: 583 mm (30"); haba nga talim: 439 (17.3); kapal ng talim: 8 (5/16).
Noong 1898, naging pangkaraniwan ang eksenang ito sa buong bansa -
"At 5:00 pm on 24 December 1898, 333 years of Spanish rule in Cebu came to an end when the Spanish flag was lowered at Fort San Pedro. Montero turned over the government [to the Filipinos] ... It was an emotion-charged moment and, in a fit of despair, some Spaniards tore their own flag after it was lowered. In the dusk, the ceremonies over, the Spaniards and their dependents moved out in a lonely convoy of boats bound for Zamboanga, their way station for the final withdrawal to Spain."
Mabuhay ang Pilipino!
Ang sipi ay mula sa The War Against the Americans ni Resil Mojares. Ang mga larawan ay galing sa Univ. of Michigan.
Sa kasamaang palad ay kakaunti ang larawan na nakuha noon patungkol sa mga patalim ng mga Tagalog. Ang nasa itaas (Laguna, ca. 1910) ay naglalarawan ng pangkaraniwang itak, ng gamit sa trabaho at pati na rin para sa pagtatanggol ng sarili.
Nguni't napakaraming uri ng itak o kalis ang ginamit at ginagamit ng mga Tagalog. Ang lahat na ito ay kasalukuyang pang sinasaliksik.
Galing ang larawan sa University of Michigan.
Mula kay Dr. Luciano P.R. Santiago (2005) -- "A villa is a Spanish territorial classification as well as an institution. It is little known in the Philippines, even among historians, because it was sparsely granted in these parts during the Colonial Period. Though small in number, the villas were huge in significance as the centers for regional consolidation as well as, when linked together, the general dissemination of Spanish rule, commerce and culture in the archipelago. In current works, the term is usually, but inaccurately, translated as 'village.' However, its closest English equivalent is 'borough' (as in Marlborough). In this article, we shall retain the Spanish word villa.
"In the more than three centuries of Spanish domination in the Islands, only eight settlements or towns were raised into the status of a villa - one each in five major ethno-linguistic regions (Cebú, Bicol, Ilocos, Panay and Pampanga) and in three Tagalog provinces (Laguna, Tayabas [now Quezón] and Batangas). Thus, the eight Philippine villas were Cebú (founded 1565), Libón, Albay (1573), Vigan (1574), Arévalo, Iloilo (1581), Pila, Laguna (c1610), Tayabas, Tayabas (1703), Bacolor, Pampanga (1765) and lastly, Lipá, Batangas (1887)."
Ang pamagat ng aklat ay Librong pag-aaralan ng mga Tagalog ng wikang Kastila [lit., A Spanish language study book for Tagalogs], na inilathala noong 1610.
Mga sipi, mula sa artikulo ni Paul Morrow:
“Dito sa unang cabanata, isisilid co ang mga pagbilang nang dilan balang na, munti’t marami; ang sa pilac at ang sa dilan tinatacal: at ang siya ngang naiibig ninyong onahing pag-aralan.”
[Here in the first chapter, I will insert the counting of any number of things, few and many; of money and anything that is measured: and it is the very thing you want to study first.] ...
“Datapoua’t con ang sulat ay 1234 sa macatouid ay labi sa libo dalauang daan, at maycapat apat, ay ano yaong na onang letra dili caya sang libo; yayamang 1 nga at may casonod pang tatlo at yaong icalaua, dili caya dalauang daan; yayamang 2 nga at may casonod pang dalaua, at yaong icatlo’y dili caya tatlong pouo: yayamang 3 nga at may casonod pang isa, at yaong uacas ay dili caya apat na lamang; yayamang 4 nga at uala nang casonod.”
[However, if 1234 is written, it is therefore one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four and what is that first letter [meaning digit] but one thousand because it is a 1 and it is followed by three more [digits] and that second [digit] is none other than two hundred because it is a 2 with two more [digits] following it and that third [digit] is but thirty because it is a 3 followed by one more [digit] and that last one is only four because it is a 4 and nothing more follows it.]
Ang simulain ng pistol na .45 M1911 ay nag-ugat sa Digmaang Filipino-Amerikano, na pumutok noong 1899.
Bago pa makalaban ng Amerikano ang mga Moro (1903 pataas), kinailangan na ang .45 laban sa mga Kristyanong sandatahanes at talibones [bolomen] ng Luzon at Kabisayaan (1899 pataas).
Kung magkagayon, and buong Kapilipinuhan ang siyang 'hilot' na nagsilang sa pinakatanyag na baril sa buong mundo.
Ang mga larawan ay mga anting-anting o agimat o bertud [talisman] na display sa nakaraang War and Dissent na exhibit, sa Museong Pambansa ng Pilipinas.

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